Danske lukkelyde: Perception, stemthed, fortis-lenis og lydskrift
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7146/nys.v1i67.153315Nøgleord:
lukkelyde, perception, stemthed, fortis-lenis, lydskriftResumé
Det centrale tema i den debat om lydskriften af dansk der nyligt har fundet vej til Nydanske Sprogstudier og Danske Studier, kan indkredses til et spørgsmål om hvorvidt og i hvilket omfang valget af lydskriftsymboler kan og skal overholde principperne i The Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. Debatten suppleres her med en nærmere omtale af tre væsentlige forhold. (i) Dansk (b d ɡ) er inhærent ustemte, men lyder ikke som (p t k) i andre sprog. (ii) Den fraværende stemthed kan tydeliggøres med et diakritisk tegn, [◌̥ ] eller [◌̊ ], altså [b̥ d̥ ɡ̊ ], eftersom tegnet ikke kun bruges om inhærent stemte lukkelyde der afstemmes af de lydlige omgivelser, men også for lyde der er inhærent ustemte. (iii) Forskning internationalt dokumenterer at artikulationsstyrke (fortis og lenis) har artikulatoriske og akustiske korrelater som så vidt vides undtagelsesløst ledsager stemthedsforskelle i lukkelyde og hæmmelyde, men ikke vice-versa – eftersom fortis-lenis forskellen kan optræde uden ledsagende stemthedsforskel. Det betyder at [p t k] i IPA’s lydskriftalfabet de facto ikke bare identificerer ustemte, men også fortes lukkelyde. Sammen med konstateringen af den auditive forskel gør det /p t k/ hhv. [p t k] uegnede som fonemskrift hhv. lydskrift af lukkelydene i fx bille, dille, gilde.
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